Measurement of expression

Although this issue is often left undiscussed the actual way of measuring and representing expressive timing (absolute or relative, as tempo or duration, per onset or on a time grid etc.) can make a large difference in the easy of developping theories about it. In methodological studies the issues are investigated and tested.

• Timmers, R. (2002). Freedom and Constraints in Timing and Ornamentation: Investigations of music performance. Maastricht: Shaker Publishing.
• Timmers, R. & Honing, H. (2002) Issuing an empirical musicology of performance. In Timmers, R., Freedom and constraints in timing and ornamentation. Investigations of music performance. (Maastricht: Shaker Publishing, 2002), 19-49.
• Honing, H. (2002) Structure and interpretation of rhythm and timing Tijdschrift voor Muziektheorie. 7(3), 227-232.
• Timmers, R. & Honing, H. (2002) On music performance, theories, measurement and diversity. In M.A. Belardinelli (ed.). Cognitive Processing (International Quarterly of Cognitive Sciences), 1-2, 1-19.